In a January 2025 decision (Rahul Rai v. State of Kerala), the Kerala High Court clarified that magic mushrooms are not classified as narcotic or psychotropic substances under the NDPS Act. The court emphasized they are simply fungi—not a scheduled drug or a “mixture” containing such substances—and cannot be treated like narcotics. Justice P.V. Kunhikrishnan noted that the active compound psilocybin is present in very small concentrations (around 1% per gram), and since this wasn’t separately quantified, the case didn’t meet the thresholds for “small” or “commercial” quantities under Section 37 of the NDPS Act. As a result, the accused was granted bail subject to strict conditions. The court also aligned with precedents from Karnataka and Madras High Courts, which held that mushrooms are not mixtures under the law.